NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which symptom is most associated with Metabolic Acidosis?

1. Elevated blood pressure

2. Kussmaul respirations

3. Bradycardia

4. Decrease in muscle tone

The correct answer is: Kussmaul respirations

Kussmaul respirations are deep, labored breathing patterns that are specifically associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly in cases where the body is attempting to compensate for increased acidity in the blood. In metabolic acidosis, the body recognizes that there is an accumulation of hydrogen ions or a loss of bicarbonate, leading to a decrease in blood pH. To counteract this, the respiratory system increases the rate and depth of breathing to help expel carbon dioxide, which can mitigate the acidity in the bloodstream. This compensatory mechanism, characterized by Kussmaul respirations, is a clear physiological response to restore acid-base balance. While elevated blood pressure, bradycardia, and decreased muscle tone may occur in various clinical situations, they are not specific indicators of metabolic acidosis. Elevated blood pressure may occur in response to stress or pain, while bradycardia and decreased muscle tone can arise from multiple other conditions. Therefore, Kussmaul respirations stand out as the distinct symptom associated with metabolic acidosis.