NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which patient condition can lead to an increase in acid production, causing Metabolic Acidosis?

1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2. Diabetic ketoacidosis

3. Asthma exacerbation

4. Congestive heart failure

The correct answer is: Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical condition that leads to an increase in acid production, resulting in metabolic acidosis. In DKA, the body lacks adequate insulin to facilitate glucose metabolism, which leads to the breakdown of fatty acids for energy. This process generates ketone bodies, which are acidic in nature. As these ketones accumulate in the bloodstream, they cause a significant drop in the blood pH, leading to metabolic acidosis. This complication is most commonly seen in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. Recognizing DKA is essential because it requires prompt treatment to correct the acidosis and manage the underlying insulin deficiency. While conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma exacerbation, and congestive heart failure can lead to respiratory acidosis or other metabolic imbalances, they do not typically contribute to the specific increase in acid production associated with metabolic acidosis in the way that DKA does. Understanding the mechanism behind DKA allows healthcare providers to identify and treat the condition effectively, thus preventing associated complications.