NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which of the following drugs is classified as an anticholinergic?

1. Atropine

2. Pralidoxime

3. Diazepam

4. Activated charcoal

The correct answer is: Atropine

Atropine is classified as an anticholinergic drug because it blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the central nervous system. It inhibits the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine, leading to various physiological responses such as increased heart rate by blocking vagal effects on the heart, reduction of secretions, and dilation of the pupils. Anticholinergics like atropine are often used in emergency situations to counteract bradycardia or to reduce secretions during intubation, making their role significant in prehospital and hospital settings. The other drugs listed have different classifications and functions. Pralidoxime is primarily used as a reactivator of acetylcholinesterase and is indicated for organophosphate poisoning, while diazepam is a benzodiazepine used for its anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. Activated charcoal is an adsorbent used to treat certain types of poisoning by preventing the absorption of toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract. Each of these has its specific applications but does not fit the classification of an anticholinergic like atropine does.