NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which of the following describes a symptom of Metabolic Alkalosis?

1. Increased heart rate

2. Confusion

3. Both A and B

4. None of the above

The correct answer is: Both A and B

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increase in the pH of body fluids, often caused by a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate. The condition can manifest with various symptoms due to the physiological changes occurring in the body. An increased heart rate can occur due to metabolic alkalosis as the body attempts to compensate for decreased ionization of calcium, which can affect muscle and nerve function, potentially causing tachycardia. Confusion may arise as well due to altered cerebral perfusion and neurological effects that result from the changes in pH and electrolyte imbalances associated with metabolic alkalosis. The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in acid-base balance, and this can lead to confusion or altered mental status as a symptom. Thus, both increased heart rate and confusion are valid symptoms associated with metabolic alkalosis, making the choice of selecting both options a correct decision. Understanding these symptoms is critical for recognizing and managing metabolic alkalosis in clinical settings.