NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which of the following conditions can lead to an increased CO2 level?

1. Hyperventilation

2. Hypoventilation

3. Respiratory alkalosis

4. Metabolic acidosis

The correct answer is: Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation is the condition that can lead to an increased level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream. When a person hypoventilates, they are not exhaling enough CO2, which causes a buildup of this gas in the body. This retention of CO2 leads to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by decreased blood pH due to increased carbon dioxide levels. In contrast, hyperventilation results in the expulsion of more CO2 than the body produces, which can lower CO2 levels. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive breathing or hyperventilation, resulting in decreased CO2. Metabolic acidosis is associated with increased acid levels in the body, but it primarily involves metabolic processes rather than direct issues with CO2 levels attributable to ventilation. Therefore, the connection between hypoventilation and increased CO2 production clarifies why it is the correct answer.