NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which heart defect involves narrowing or constriction of the aorta?

1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

2. Coarctation of the Aorta

3. Left-to-Right Shunt

4. Pierre Robin Syndrome

The correct answer is: Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the Aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by the narrowing of the aorta, typically near the ductus arteriosus. This condition can obstruct blood flow and lead to increased pressure in the upper body while reducing blood flow to the lower body. The narrowed area of the aorta can cause significant strain on the heart, leading to potential complications such as hypertension and heart failure if not treated appropriately. In contrast, the other options do not involve a narrowing or constriction of the aorta. Patent Ductus Arteriosus refers to a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing blood to mix between the pulmonary and systemic circulation. A left-to-right shunt pertains to conditions where blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, increasing pulmonary blood flow and pressure, but does not involve a constriction of the aorta. Pierre Robin Syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by a specific set of craniofacial abnormalities and is not related to any structural defects of the heart or aorta. Thus, coarctation of the aorta specifically addresses the narrowing of this major blood vessel, making it the correct answer.