NREMT Paramedic Practice

Which condition is characterized by an elevated pH level and a low CO2 level?

1. Metabolic acidosis

2. Metabolic alkalosis

3. Respiratory acidosis

4. Respiratory alkalosis

The correct answer is: Respiratory alkalosis

The condition characterized by an elevated pH level and a low CO2 level is respiratory alkalosis. In this state, the body is experiencing an increase in the blood's alkalinity, leading to a higher pH. This typically occurs due to hyperventilation, where excessive breathing causes CO2 to be expended more rapidly than it is produced. Since CO2 is a component of carbonic acid in the blood, a reduction in CO2 contributes to the alkalotic state. In respiratory alkalosis, the low carbon dioxide level indicates that there is less acid available to balance the bicarbonate in the blood, thus elevating the pH. This physiological response may be triggered by various factors such as anxiety, pain, fever, or high altitudes, where breathing rates increase. Understanding these principles can aid in recognizing and managing conditions associated with acid-base imbalances effectively.