NREMT Paramedic Practice

What is the primary characteristic of placenta previa?

1. Painless, bright red bleeding

2. Severe abdominal cramping

3. Dark red bleeding with clots

4. Presence of fetal heart tones

The correct answer is: Painless, bright red bleeding

The primary characteristic of placenta previa is indeed painless, bright red bleeding. This condition occurs when the placenta is situated low in the uterus, partially or completely covering the cervix. As the cervix begins to dilate and efface in preparation for labor, it can disrupt the blood vessels that are part of the placenta, leading to vaginal bleeding. This bleeding is typically painless and can vary in intensity, but it is often bright red, indicating fresh blood. Understanding this symptom is critical for proper assessment and management since the presence of painless bright red bleeding in a pregnant woman can signal a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Other characteristics, such as severe abdominal cramping or dark red bleeding with clots, might suggest different complications or issues during pregnancy, such as placental abruption or miscarriage, which are not indicative of placenta previa. The presence of fetal heart tones, while important in assessing fetal well-being, does not specifically define placenta previa itself. Thus, recognizing the distinctive symptom of painless bright red bleeding is essential for identifying this condition.