NREMT Paramedic Practice

What is the most frequent cause of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy?

1. Cervical infection

2. Spontaneous abortion

3. Ectopic pregnancy

4. Placenta previa

The correct answer is: Spontaneous abortion

The most frequent cause of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy is spontaneous abortion, also known as a miscarriage. This occurs when a pregnancy ends on its own before 20 weeks of gestation, and it can happen for a variety of reasons, often related to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus or issues with the pregnancy's implantation. It's important to note that spontaneous abortion can present with vaginal bleeding, along with other symptoms such as cramping or the passage of tissue. While cervical infections, ectopic pregnancy, and placenta previa can also cause vaginal bleeding, they are less common causes during the early stages of a pregnancy. Cervical infections may lead to bleeding but are often not the primary cause of bleeding in early pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy, although critical and requiring immediate medical attention, is less prevalent and occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus. Placenta previa typically occurs later in pregnancy and involves the placenta covering the cervix, resulting in bleeding, but it is not a frequent cause in the early stages. Understanding these conditions helps in evaluating and managing patients presenting with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, making spontaneous abortion the most recognized and encountered cause.