NREMT Paramedic Practice

What does the acronym SLUDGE stand for?

1. Salivation, Lethargy, Urination, Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis

2. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis

3. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Glucose upset, Emesis

4. Sleepiness, Lacrimation, Unresponsiveness, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis

The correct answer is: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis

The acronym SLUDGE represents a set of symptoms associated with the overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, often due to exposure to certain types of toxins, such as organophosphate or carbamate pesticides, as well as certain nerve agents. The correct interpretation of SLUDGE is “Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, and Emesis.” Salivation refers to increased saliva production, while lacrimation indicates excessive tear production. Urination is the increased frequency or urgency of urination. Defecation includes the involuntary or increased need to have bowel movements. Gastrointestinal upset encompasses nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. Finally, emesis denotes vomiting. This collection of symptoms is critical in a clinical setting as it helps in recognizing cases of poisoning or overdose, particularly when treating patients who may have been exposed to toxic agents. The presence of these symptoms can serve as a crucial indicator prompting emergency care providers to intervene appropriately with treatments such as atropine, which is an antidote for cholinergic toxicity. Understanding SLUDGE not only aids in diagnosis but also in providing effective pre-hospital care.