NREMT Paramedic Practice

What condition is characterized by underdeveloped lungs?

1. Pulmonary Stenosis

2. Pulmonary Hypoplasia

3. Asthma

4. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

The correct answer is: Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Pulmonary Hypoplasia is a condition indicated by the inadequate development of the lungs, which results in a smaller than normal lung volume. This underdevelopment can significantly impact respiratory function, leading to difficulties in breathing and reduced gas exchange capability. The condition is often associated with congenital anomalies, particularly those involving the diaphragm, chest wall, or severe oligohydramnios during pregnancy, which restricts lung growth. Understanding pulmonary hypoplasia is critical for recognizing its implications in neonatal care and potential long-term outcomes for affected individuals, as it greatly influences their respiratory health. In contrast, other options represent different respiratory or cardiac conditions. Pulmonary stenosis involves a narrowing of the pathway from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, affecting blood flow rather than lung development. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, causing reversible obstruction but does not relate to lung development. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a form of lung injury commonly seen in premature infants, often due to mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, but does not primarily involve underdevelopment of lung tissue itself.