NREMT Paramedic Practice

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome primarily?

1. Deficiency of vitamin C

2. Reduction in intestinal absorption of thiamine due to alcohol

3. Excessive intake of carbohydrates

4. Overproduction of serotonin

The correct answer is: Reduction in intestinal absorption of thiamine due to alcohol

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome primarily results from a reduction in intestinal absorption of thiamine, particularly due to chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol not only directly impairs the absorption of thiamine in the gastrointestinal tract but also affects the liver's ability to convert thiamine into its active form. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and proper functioning of the nervous system, especially in the brain. Individuals with this syndrome often exhibit symptoms related to neurological dysfunction, such as confusion, ataxia, and memory problems. This stems from thiamine deficiency, which leads to neurological damage and results in the characteristic features of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Proper diagnosis and intervention focus on thiamine supplementation to address the deficiency and prevent further brain damage. The other options do not directly contribute to the development of this syndrome; vitamin C deficiency, excessive carbohydrate intake, and overproduction of serotonin are not causative factors for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.