NREMT Paramedic Practice

What are the stages of shock in the correct order?

1. Vasoconstriction, Multiple Organ Failure, Capillary and Venule Opening, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

2. Capillary and Venule Opening, Vasoconstriction, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Multiple Organ Failure

3. Vasoconstriction, Capillary and Venule Opening, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Multiple Organ Failure

4. Multiple Organ Failure, Vasoconstriction, Capillary and Venule Opening, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

The correct answer is: Vasoconstriction, Capillary and Venule Opening, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Multiple Organ Failure

The stages of shock are typically characterized by a sequence of physiological responses aimed at preserving vital organ function. Understanding these stages can provide crucial insights into how the body responds to inadequate perfusion and can guide treatment. Initially, vasoconstriction occurs as the body attempts to maintain blood pressure and redirect blood flow to vital organs, such as the heart and brain. This response is crucial in the early phase of shock as it serves to protect these critical systems from the impacts of reduced blood flow. As shock progresses, capillary and venule opening becomes prominent. This stage is associated with increased permeability of blood vessels, leading to movement of fluid from the intravascular space into the interstitial space. While this can be protective in some contexts, it often contributes to the development of edema and further compromises tissue perfusion. Following these changes, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) might occur. This complex condition involves the simultaneous activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which can lead to both excessive clotting and bleeding. DIC is often a result of severe imbalance in coagulation pathways frequently observed in late shock stages. Finally, multiple organ failure reflects the ultimate outcome when shock is not adequately managed. This stage indicates that the organs