NREMT Paramedic Practice

Epiglottitis is primarily caused by what type of pathogen?

1. Viral

2. Bacterial

3. Fungal

4. Parasitic

The correct answer is: Bacterial

Epiglottitis is primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, specifically the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), which is the most common cause in unvaccinated children. Other bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, can also be responsible for cases of epiglottitis, especially in adults or those who are immunocompromised. Bacterial infections lead to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, which can obstruct the airway and cause significant respiratory distress. This condition is considered a medical emergency due to the potential for airway compromise. While viral infections can also affect the upper respiratory tract, they usually do not lead to epiglottitis as commonly as bacteria do. Similarly, fungal or parasitic causes are less relevant in the context of epiglottitis. Understanding the bacterial nature of this condition is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment, as it typically requires immediate medical intervention, including possible airway management and antibiotic therapy.