NREMT Paramedic Practice

Croup is characterized by which type of infection?

1. Bacterial infection

2. Viral infection

3. Fungal infection

4. Parasitic infection

The correct answer is: Viral infection

Croup is primarily caused by a viral infection, most commonly the parainfluenza virus. This viral infection leads to inflammation and swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, resulting in the hallmark symptoms of croup, such as a distinctive "barking" cough, stridor, and hoarseness. Understanding the viral nature of croup is essential for appropriate management. Unlike bacterial infections that may require antibiotics, viral infections like croup are generally treated with supportive care, such as administering humidified air or, in more severe cases, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Recognizing this helps healthcare providers avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, as they are ineffective against viral pathogens. Additionally, while bacterial infections can lead to similar respiratory symptoms, the primary etiology of croup is overwhelmingly viral, making this distinction crucial for diagnosis and treatment.